When Congress passed the 18th Amendment in 1920, Prohibition became the law of the land. Raids of "blind pig" businesses that served as fronts for illegal liquor sales were commonplace. Most of the county had outlawed liquor by the time Sheriff Calvin Jackson took office in 1915. The county's growing population brought new challenges. But the county's frontier past returned to haunt it on December 16, 1912, when Undersheriff Robert Squires became the first member of the department to be killed in the line of duty while part of a posse attempting to apprehend a violent fugitive. When he took office in 1911, Sheriff Charles Ruddock commanded a staff of eight full-time deputies and jailers, serving a county of nearly 34,000 citizens. Sheriff Theo Lacy (the second and fourth sheriff of Orange County, who served from 1890 to 1894 and from 1899 to 1911) was able to move from borrowed office space in Santa Ana to a dedicated headquarters in the courthouse that remained in operation until 1924. The Spurgeon Square Jail was opened by Sheriff Joe Nichols in 1897, and the Orange County Courthouse followed in 1901. Since the county was expanding, the department grew with it. The problems faced by the first sheriff were typical for a frontier county – tracking down outlaws, controlling vagrancy, and attempting to maintain law and order across 782 square miles (2,030 km 2) of farmland and undeveloped territory. They served a sparsely populated county of 13,000 residents, scattered throughout isolated townships and settlements. The entire department consisted of Sheriff Richard Harris and Deputy James Buckley, with an operating budget of $1,200 a year and a makeshift jail in the rented basement of a store in Santa Ana. The Orange County Sheriff's Department came into existence on August 1, 1889, when a proclamation of the state legislature separated the southern portion of Los Angeles County and created Orange County. Orange County was split from the Los Angeles County in 1889 Early years Elliott, Joe Ryan, Sheriff Sam Jernigan, and Undersheriff Ed McClellan shown dumping bootleg liquor, circa 1925. OCSD also runs Orange County's Harbor Patrol, which provides law enforcement, marine fire fighting, search and rescue, and underwater search and recovery services along the county's 42 miles (68 km) of coastline and in the county's three harbors (Dana Point, Newport and Huntington). The agency also provides law enforcement services to the Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA) system, and John Wayne Airport. It currently serves the unincorporated areas of Orange County and thirteen contract cities in the county: Aliso Viejo, Dana Point, Laguna Hills, Laguna Niguel, Laguna Woods, Lake Forest, Mission Viejo, Rancho Santa Margarita, San Clemente, San Juan Capistrano, Stanton, Villa Park, and Yorba Linda. The Orange County Sheriff's Department ( OCSD) is the law enforcement agency serving Orange County, California. Orange County Sheriff Theo Lacy on horseback, 1890s
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